Modals

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Unit 11 Modals-Expressing Attitudes

Introduction

Question1.
Now complete the following dialogues using only one word for each blank on the basis of the pictures given above?

• Manav : Suma is playing the violin very well. Priya : Yes; ________ you play any musical instrument? Manav : I ________ But I have learnt vocal music
• Peter : Its suddenly become dark. Nandiya : Yes ; Thick clouds have gathered in the sky. It ________ rain this evening
• Abdullah : Mam, Im a little late. ______ I enter the class? Teacher : You ________. Im afraid late coming has become a habit with you
• Father : Take this. You ________ not forget to wear your helmet while riding your motorbike. Son : Thanks, Dad. I forgot to pick it up.

Answers:

• can, cant
• may
• May, may
• must

The words that you have used to fill in the blanks denote certain attitudes and functions. Match column (A) with column (B) for the dialogues that you have completed

A Attitudes and Functions	B Dialogues
Necessity	A (Must)
Possibility	B (may)
Ability	C (can, cant)
Permission	D (may)

The words that you have used are called MODALS. They belong to a large category of auxiliary verbs, ie helping verbs that cannot be used on their own, but to be used in conjunction with other main verbs

Answer: You must not forget to wear your helmet while riding your motorbike. It may rain this evening. I can. You may

QuestionA.2.
Given below are some dialogues. Circle the modals and underline the main verbs in the italicised portions of the dialogues?

• (a) A: Raju has fractured his arm. B: But still he can write
• (b) A: I have still some shopping to do. May I leave my bag in your store ? B: Yes, but please collect it before 8.00 pm
• (c) A: The coffee is rather bitter. Would you please pass some sugar ? B: No, you must not take any sugar. Have you forgotten your doctors advice
• (d) A: Ill not be able to finish my assignment in time. B: Shall I do the drawings for you
• (e) A: Jamila hasnt come yet. Its already very late. B: She may come tomorrow
• (f) A: Someone is knocking on the door. B: Ill open it- itll be the maid
• (g) A: My feet get swollen in the evening. B: Then you must consult a doctor

Answers:

QuestionA.3.
Match the italicized portions of the dialogues with the attitudes and functions denoted by the modals used in them?

Answers:

QuestionA.5.
Look at the following sentences ?

• He neednt come to office tomorrow
• He needed permission to take a day off
• In sentence (a) need is used as a modal verb because there is a hare infinitive after it
• In sentence (b) need is used as a main verb because there is a noun after it
• Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will and would are called pure modals because they
• are followed by a main verb in its bare infinitive form (e.g. I must go.)
• dont change in the third person (e.g. He will help and not He wills help.)
• Need and dare are used both as modal verbs and main verbs. e.g.
• They needed a lot of money to start a business (main verb)
• They need not borrow from the bank to start their business, (modal) (As a modal, verb need is commonly used with not)
• He dare not challenge the authority of his boss, (modal verb) (As a modal verb dare is also commonly used with not)
• He does not dare to challenge the authority of his boss, (main verb)

Question7.
Complete the following conversation choosing the most appropriate options from those given in the box. There can be more than one option for some of the blanks?

• Gautam : I heard that Rahim ________ open a garment shop, though he is a little uncertain
• Sheela : He ________ not plunge into another business proposition ; he
• ________ forget the colossal failure of his last business venture. Gautam : You
• ________ not have any worry on that count. He
• ________ not be investing any money. His uncle is providing the capital and he said that Rahim
• ________ be a working partner. Sheela : In that case, I suppose, he
• ________ go ahead. I remember how Rahims father
• ________ sit for hours worrying about his sons future. Gautam : True. Now that Rahim has learnt his lesson, he
• ________ be able to live upto the expectations of his father. Sheela : Whatever you say, Rahim
• ________ have his own way. he is that way a little obstinate. We
• ________ only hope that everything turns out well

Answers:

• may
• need
• shouldnt
• need
• will
• would
• might
• would
• should
• will
• can

B. Modals Expressing Possibility

Question8.
Look at the picture. What do you think is happening ? Discuss in small groups. Use the modals given in the box. could be , might be, must be may be?

Answer:

• It could be a man balancing himself sitting in the chair at a great height
• It might be a man flying while sitting in his chair
• It must be a magician showing a trick
• It may be a person in his dream

QuestionB.2.
Indira and Mary are discussing their holiday plans. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks by using suitable modals?

• Indira : Im so thrilled the exams are over. Lets go to the North-East this time
• Mary : Yes. Id love that. Where exactly do you want to go
• Indira : Id like to go to Cherapunji
• Mary : Thats hardly the place to go to. You see, it ______ raining there, especially at this time of the year. Lets go to Shillong instead
• Indira : Why Shillong
• IIary : Indira, Ive lived in that place. Youll love it and the weather ______ really perfect now
• Indira : Okay, its Shillong then. But tell me, do I need to carry woollens
• Mary : Not really. Its quite pleasant, but the nights ______ chilly, so bring a sweater
• Indira : And what about getting there
• Mary : Well ... you could fly to Juwahah, and then you can catch a bus to Shillong
• Indira : How far is Shillong
• Mary : It ______ about 80 kilometres. It ______ a three hour drive by taxi

Answers: could be, might be, may be, might be, must be, may be

QuestionB.3.
Can and Could also denote ability. Rewrite the following sentences as shown in the example using Can or Could. Example: Parents who are able to support their children should not apply for scholarship. Parents who can support their children should not apply for scholarship?

• After proper investigation the police were able to nail the culprit. ____________________________________________
• After the examinations, I shall be able to go home for a week. ____________________________________________
• In spite of the sincere efforts of the coach, the team is not able to win a single trophy. ____________________________________________
• Did you notice that can is used to denote ability in the present and future and could is used to denote ability in the past? However, remember that could refers to past time only when the context makes the time clear

Answers:

• After proper investigations the police could nail the culprit
• After the examination, I can go home for a week
• In spite of the sincere efforts of the coach, the team can not win a single trophy

C. Modals - Past, Present & Future

QuestionC.1.
Read the following report of a school cricket match and underline all the modals and the verbs accompanying them. Underline the modals red and the verbs green?

Our school cricket team is practicing really hard for the zonal matches. I have no doubt that we will beat the local teams very easily, but when it comes to the outside teams, I am not as confident. Our boys must work very hard. Perhaps they could do some yoga exercises to improve their concentration. They need not worry about their fitness at this stage, but they should follow a strict routine

Last year they had to struggle to reach the finals. The draw might have been a little unfavourable to them but they shouldnt have neglected their fielding. This landed them in trouble in the quarter finals. This year our team should try and do better in the field. We lost the finals last year mainly because of floored catches ! A casual approach to this aspect must have been the cause of our failure at the crucial stage. So our team ought to improve its fielding and get its batting to click

Answer:

Modals	will	must	could	need not	should	had to	might	shouldnt	should	must
Verbs	beat	work	do	worry	follow	struggle	been	neglected	try	been

QuestionC.2.
You will have noticed in C1 that modals are used with a main verb to refer to the past, present or future. In pairs, look at the modals you have underlined and complete the table below. You may have noticed sometimes that the same modal is used to refer to the present as well as the future?

Answer:

Present	Past	Future
Must	might	will
could	should	should
should	should	ought
need	must	must

QuestionC.3.
Mr Mehta and family decide to drive down to Goa for a holiday. On their way their car develops some problem. Given below is a conversation between the Mehta family members. Read the conversation and complete the conversation using suitable modals from the ones given in the box?

• Mrs Mehta : What is the matter? Why have you stopped
• Mr Mehta : The car is giving some trouble. I have a feeling something is wrong with the engine. Let me check
• Mrs Mehta : Do you think we _____________ run out of petrol
• Mr Mehta : No, we _____________ run out of petrol. I got the tank filled before starting
• Mrs Mehta : If there is a technical fault, do you think you _____________ be able to fix it
• Mr Mehta : Let me first check what is wrong
• Dinu : Dad, look theres smoke coming out. The engine _____________ become too hot
• Mr Mehta : Dinu, be careful. Dont take the cap off the radiator. You ___________ not do that. You _____________ get boiling water all over you
• Mrs Mehta : Yes, Dinu, we _____________ have to wait till the engine cools down
• Dinu : And how long do you think it _____________ take for that
• Mr Mehta : Im not sure. We _____________ have to wait for about fifteen minutes. Dinu : Dad, I saw a garage about half a mile back. I suppose we _____________ ask them to fix the problem
• Mr Mehta : You _____________ worry. The car _____________ be all right. I got it serviced before starting. I am sure its just got too hot. Lets wait and allow the engine to cool a bit
• Dinu : Mom, I am feeling hungry. _____________ I have something to eat
• Mrs Mehta : There are some sandwiches in the car. You _____________ have them

Answer: may have, cant have, will, must have, must, could, will, may, may, could, neednt, will, May, can

D. Modals - Referring to the Past

QuestionD.1
Respond to the following situations by writing one sentence using might have, must have, should have, could have or ought to have. The first one has been done as an example?

• Amber was certain that he would be here today, but he hasnt come yet (miss, flight) Response : He must have missed his flight; nothing else would have held him up
• I was asked to be here for a meeting at 10.00 today. Its already 10.30 and only a few of us are present.(meeting, cancel) Response : The meeting __________, but youd better wait for another half an hour
• They say they definitely sent the appointment letter by post, but it never arrived, (send fax message) Response : They __________ instead
• The Municipality did not bother about keeping the locality clean. When the epidemic broke out, it claimed many lives. (take precautions, prevent epidemic) Response: The Municipality __________
• The Principal is not in her office. She probably had some urgent work at home, (go, home) Response : She __________.
• Asha wasnt really a big hit as the heroine of the play. The director neednt have limited his choice to Class XII students alone. (try, some of the XI class students) Response : He __________ __________

Answers:

• might have been cancelled
• should have sent a fax message
• ought to have taken precautions which could have prevented the epidemic
• must have gone home as she had perhaps some urgent work there
• could have tried some of the XI class students instead of restricting his choice to Class XII students only

QuestionD. 2
Complete the following paragraph on a school sport meeting by filling in the blanks with could not have, might not have, should not have or would not have?

At this years sports meeting, many records were broken but the reigning sports champion. Ravi, surprisingly could not make it to the finals in any of his favourite events. Perhaps he __________ missed so many of his practice sessions. His coach tends to think that he __________ had the time to get fit enough because of his special classes in the evenings. Even if he had tried, he __________ beaten Ramu, who was much better prepared. If it had not been for Ramu, our school __________ gained a place in the draw of the inter-school tournament

Answer: should not have, might not have, could not have, would not have

QuestionD.3
Anant has returned from an interview. Read the dialogue, that takes place between Anant and his father. In pairs, fill in the blanks using any suitable modals. To help you, the number of words you need to use is given in brackets?

• Father : Well , Anant, how was the interview
• Anant : Father, it was a real nightmare. Just about everything went wrong. I was late. I didnt have the required papers and the GK questions ...
• Father : Really ! Anant, please dont think Im lecturing you, but Id like to say something about how you ________ (2) handled the whole business better
• Anant : Father, I wish you ________ (2) say that. You ________ (2) seen the amount of effort I put in
• Father : Well .. I have my doubts about that. First, lets take up this business about being late
• Anant : Please remember I only got six days notice
• Father : No, my dear, it was more than that. If Pm not mistaken, you got the interview call on Saturday itself. If Id been you, I _________ (2) begun my preparation on Saturday itself. Honestly you __________ (3) gone off on that weekend trip
• Anant : Father you know Id been planning to go on that trip for ages
• Father : Well .... if you had stayed home you ___________ (2) made a list of the papers required and filed them systematically
• Anant : Yes, perhaps youre right, but father. those GK questions ..
• Father : What about them ? Havent you been reading the papers regularly
• Anant : Yes of course. But those questions were so outdated. I ___________ (3) answered them even if I had read the paper every single day for the past 10 years
• Father : Anant, there is no point complaining now. You _____ (1)/(2) be prepared to be more alert about these things

Answer: could have, would not, must have, would have, should not have, might have, could not have, should

E. Modals - Summary

QuestionE.1.
Read the following letter and choose the most suitable alternative from those given. Underline your choice. Sometimes more than one alternative is suitable?

Answer: Dear Mohan It was lovely to get your letter and to hear the good news that you are going trekking with your friends. You (ought to/ would/ should) have a break after your exams ! You ask me what you (can/ should, will) take. Well, you (might/ cant/ mustnt) fit everything in a backpack so you must be selective. You (will/ can/ must) take at least one sweater because it (ought to/ should/ can) get very cold in the mountains. You (neednt/ could/ should) pack a gas stove because there (could/ may/ will) be plenty of firewood from dead trees

Im sure you will have a wonderful time but I (may/ would/ should) give you a word of warning. Dont get stuck in the Laki Pass at night. Once youre there you (wont be able to/ cant be able to/ not to able to) get down and its very dangerous at night. By the way, you (should/ should have to/ should have) told me earlier that you were going and I (should have/ would have/ will have) given you my walking boots ! Anyway, look after yourself and enjoy your holiday. With love Daddy

QuestionE. 2.


A night at the Theatre - Role Play

Work in pairs. Below is a summary of a discussion between a parent and a child. Read through the notes and decide who will take which role. Then act out the role play. You will probably find that you sometimes need to use modals. Background to role play

Role A - Daughter/ Son

Yours exams start next week - behind with revision - want to go to theatre to see new play - with friend - his birthday - reduced tickets - good play - need rest from work - find it difficult to concentrate on work

Role B - Father/ Mother

Disagree with daughter/ son - worried - wont do well in exam - dont want them to waste time - for own good - why not worked hard before - if had worked, could go out after exams

QuestionE.3.
When you have finished, you and your partner should team up with another pair and write out the dialogue. Then act it out before the class?

Answers:

• A : Father, Today is the birthday of my friend Ram. I want to go to theatre to see a new play. Its a good play and the tickets are available at reduced rates
• B : I am surprised at you, son. Your exams start next week. Dont you know you are behind with revision? How can you think of wasting time in a theatre
• A : You are right. But think about it. Can I go on studying all the time? I need some rest from work and I think it is the proper time to do so
• B : Going to the theatre is not to relax. It will be a waste not of just 3 hours but the whole day. You will keep on thinking about the characters of the play all day
• A : Oh no. I believe that I shall be able to concentrate on the books better after that
• B : You say it because you want to get my permission. Otherwise, you know the truth
• A : Father, think about my friend. This is his birthday and we had planned for this day much in advance
• B : Well, you can do what you want. I neednt keep you against your wish. However, I wish you should have been more careful about your studies
• A : Thanks father. Be sure that Ill do well in the examination

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 6

Question 1.
The following paragraph has not been edited. There is an error in each of the lines indicated. Underline the error and write your correction in the space provided as shown?

Answers:

Question 2.
Given below is a dialogue between two friends discussing their classmates. Complete their dialogue by filling in the spaces with appropriate options from those given below?

• Ruma : These days Javed is seen more (a) ___________ than in the classroom. What is he up to
• Lekha : He is representing our school in the forthcoming Inter State Junior Tennis Tournament scheduled next month so he (b) ___________ daily to improve his skills and stamina
• Ruma : Oh ! And what about Seema ? She too (c) ___________ five days now. Have you heard from her
• Lekha : She is down with severe cold, cough and high fever. Last evening when I called her up (d) ___________, she told me that the doctor had advised her at least ten days bed rest
• Ruma : She must be really bored sitting at home. She has never liked the idea of sitting indoors
• on the field
• in the field
• at the field
• out of the field
• spent most of his time in the practice
• is spending most of his time practicing
• has been spending most of the time for practice
• has spent most of his time in practice
• have been absent for more than
• is being absent for more than
• has been absent for more than
• was absent for more than
• for found out why she had not been coming to school
• to find out why she is not coming to school
• to finding out why she is not been coming to school
• for find out why she has not been coming to school

Answers:

• on the field
• is spending most of his time practicing
• has been absent for more than
• to find out why she is not coming to school

Question 3.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in the space provided as given below?

Answers:

Question 4.
Look at the newspaper items below. Then use the information in the headlines to complete the paragraphs?

• 1. Radiation reaches food chain in Japan The Japanese government on Saturday confirmed that _______________ as higher than normal levels of radioactive materials were found in spinach and milk at six farms in Ibaraki
• 2. Pakistan mine blast death toll hits 45 _______________ Sundays methane gas explosions in a coal mine in Pakistans southwestern province of Baluchistan, government officials said, as hopes of finding any survivors from the disaster faded
• 3. Four New York Times journalists released in Libya Four New York Times journalists who had been held _______________ and are expected to cross the border to Tunisia on Monday
• 4. ? 700 cr fine imposed on telecom firms : Govt. Fines to the tune of ? 700 crore _______________ on various telecom operators for carrying out illegal and clandestine activities in their services, particularly for non-compliance of the subscriber verification process

Answers:

• radiation has reached the food chain
• 45 people have died in
• in Libya, have been released
• have been imposed

Question 5.
Given below are instructions for making Chocolate Pudding Cake. Complete the following paragraph which describes how Chocolate pudding cake is made. The first one is done as an example?

• Preheat oven to 350°F
• Combine 1 cup flour, 2 tsp. baking powder, 1/4 tsp salt, 2 tbs. cocoa and 2/3 cup sugar in a mixing bowl
• Add 3/4 cup milk, 1 tsp. vanilla extract and 2 tbs. melted butter
• Beat with an electric mixer until smooth and pale in colour
• Stir in 1/3 cup walnuts
• Pour batter into a buttered 8 inch square baking dish and set aside
• Combine 1/2 cup dark brown sugar, 2 tsp. instant coffee, 1 cup water in a heavy saucepan. Cook over high heat stirring constantly until the mixture comes to a boil
• Gently pour hot sauce over cake batter
• Bake for 40 minutes
• Top with caramel
• The oven is preheated to 350 degree. Flour, baking powder, salt, sugar and cocoa
• ____________ in a mixing bowl. After adding milk, vanilla extract and melted butter, the mixture
• ____________ in colour. 1/3 cup of walnuts
• ____________. The batter
• ____________ a buttered baking dish and set aside. Brown sugar, coffee and water are combined in a heavy saucepan. The mixture is cooked over high heat till it starts boiling. Hot sauce is poured over the cake batter. It
• ____________ caramel before serving

Answers:

• are put
• is beaten with an electric mixer until it is smooth and pale
• is stirred
• is poured into
• is baked for 45 minutes and is topped with

Question 6.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined?

• Twenty years ago, kids in school never even school had never heard the internet. The internet is a vast resource
• heard of the for types of information. It is like a giant bulletin
• for many types board that the whole world uses! But anyone can put
• But since anyone anything the internet, you have to be careful. You must
• anything on the use your best judgment browsing it. And you
• judgenzent while browsing cant rely on what strangers you meet the
• meet on the internet tell either.
• internet to tell